As the coronavirus pandemic undermines the production of cleaner renewable fuels, the UK's biggest electricity plant is close to using only biomass following a bumpy transition away from coal.
Situated in Yorkshire, northern England, the Drax Group power plant will complete its switch next year after embarking on a journey almost a decade ago to use organic matter alongside the fossil fuel to slash carbon emissions.
But the company's method of capturing CO2 continues to raise concerns even as biomass has become Britain's second largest renewable energy behind wind power, with only a handful of coal-run plants remaining in the UK.
The Drax operation, providing four million households with electricity, sees CO2 emitted from burnt wood captured by newly planted trees.
Four of the plant's six reactors use wood pellets and a carbon-capture system, while Drax intends on becoming carbon negative by 2030, by removing more CO2 from the atmosphere than it emits.
Drax adds that the switch, in line with UK government policy to ban the use of coal by 2025, allows it to keep the plant running and maintain 900 jobs.
"More than 10 years ago, Drax was looking at its future.. and the UK, at the same time, was looking about how it could deliver its climate-change objectives," recalls Drax chief executive Will Gardiner.
"And those two things came together in a very auspicious way so that there was a good recognition in the UK that biomass was a very good alternative... to increase renewable power,"
But the use of biomass to generate electricity is not without controversy.
- 'Significant CO2 amount' - In 2018, a total of 800 scientists wrote to the European Parliament calling for such biomass to be limited to wood residues, including cut-branches, to limit deforestation.
But even with such a move, gains to the environment can be trimmed by sourcing wood from afar.
"Once you move from local usage... to extracting trees from distant countries and shipping them to a factory, you are adding quite a significant amount of additional CO2 to the atmosphere," noted Michael Norton, environment programme director at European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC).
Norton added that it "takes anything from several decades to centuries to recover through the growth" of new trees.
The Drax plant imports from North America 80 percent of the wood that it burns, although Gardiner stresses that the company uses branches that otherwise would "rot in the fields and emit CO2".
- 'Urgent sustainable energy needs' - The International Energy Agency last week said in a joint report that "COVID-19 is intensifying the urgent need to expand sustainable energy solutions worldwide" -- a timely boost for companies like Drax amid ongoing criticism regarding their net contribution in helping to tackle climate change.
"The growth of electricity generation from renewables appears to have slowed down as a result of the pandemic, according to the available data," said the report, written also by the World Health Organization.
"But they so far appear to be holding up much better than other major fuels such as coal and natural gas," it added.
he "doesn't think there will be any coal or natural gas in our system in 2050".
He added: "In the UK, I think wind power in 2050 probably will be 80 percent of the energy mix.
"At the same time, you always need something else in addition to wind power to provide for flexibility and for system support," he said, noting that "biomass can do that".
